Berberine is a biologically active compound that is derived from various types of plants, such as the Berberis shrub. This compound is what is known as an isoquinoline alkaloid, which is a fancy name that identifies its chemical structure and designates its category of class. Berberine appears bright yellow in color and can be found in different parts of a berberine-containing shrub such as the roots, stem, and bark.

Elderberry is sort of an “umbrella term” for a variety of flowering plants found in the world. One of the most common is the European elderberry (Sambucus nigra or S. nigra), also known as the black elder. As expected, its origins are rooted in Europe, but it is known to grow in many other places around the world. Other types of elderberry include the dwarf elder, blue elderberry, American elder, red-fruited elder, danewort, and antelope brush.

Vitamin D affects cells in the immune system and protects against infection and autoimmune disorders. It supports immunity by inhibiting B cell proliferation, blocking B cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin secretion. During the recent viral outbreak, researchers noted that U.S. patients with low levels of vitamin D were more likely to be hospitalized. A higher incidence of autoimmune disease is linked with insufficient vitamin D in the body.